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Debunking common infertility myths
Infertility can be a challenging issue, and many misconceptions can lead to unnecessary stress and even delays in seeking medical treatment. Our curiosity often drives us to search for answers online, but it's crucial to distinguish between fact and fiction.
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Myth: Infertility is a female issue
Fact:Â Infertility is the inability to conceive after 12 months or more of unprotected intercourse and it affects both men and women. Approximately 30% of fertility problems can be attributed to female factors, another 30% to male factors, while the remaining 30%-40% can be due to issues in both partners or unexplained causes.
In women, infertility can stem from various factors, including age, the quantity and quality of eggs, ovulation issues such as those caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), damaged fallopian tubes, or other gynaecological conditions like endometriosis. For men, infertility may result from low sperm quality, quantity or no sperm at all. Other contributing factors to male infertility can include ejaculation disorders, damaged testicles and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Myth: Age only affects female fertilityÂ
Fact: While it’s widely recognised that female fertility decreases after the age of 35, it is often overlooked that male fertility can also decline with age, particularly after the age of 40. As men age, sperm quality and quantity may be affected. There can be changes in the sperm DNA, sexual function and hormonal changes. All these factors can impact the chances of conceiving.
Myth: You need to have intercourse every day to conceive
Fact: It is recommended to have sex without contraception every two to three days. Try and aim for unprotected sexual intercourse three to four times per week. Engaging in intercourse every day may increase stress levels.
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Myth: Long-term birth control use causes infertilityÂ
Fact: Birth control methods, including pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and implants, do not have long-term effects on fertility after discontinuation. Both short-acting and long-acting contraceptives are completely safe and do not cause infertility. Short-acting methods, such as combined oral contraceptives, patches or vaginal rings, leave the system quickly once you stop using them, and ovulation should resume within a few days or weeks. Long-term acting options like the copper coil provide protection until removed by the doctor, and there should be no delay in returning to normal fertility once it’s taken out. The depot progesterone injections can take some time to leave the system. It can take up to six months for periods to return.
Myth: You should always wait a year before seeking helpÂ
Fact:Â It is recommended to speak to your doctor or a fertility specialist sooner rather than later. If you are under 35 and have been trying to conceive for 12 months without success, consult a professional. If you are over 35, you should seek help after six months.
Additionally, it is important to get advice if you experience any fertility issues, such as irregular periods or medical conditions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. Men should also consult their GP if they experience any fertility issues, such as ejaculation disorders. However, if you have any fertility concerns or would like more information, reach out to your GP pr local fertility clinic.
Myth: IVF is the only fertility treatment option
Fact:Â IVF is just one of many fertility treatments available to help individuals conceive. Other options include intrauterine insemination (IUI) and surrogacy. Additionally, fertility preservation methods, such as egg freezing and sperm freezing, are offered for those who wish to start a family in the future. It is important to note that IVF does not guarantee pregnancy and factors such as age, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions all play a role in the success of treatment.
Myth: If you had a miscarriage, you will struggle to get pregnant again
Fact: Most individuals who experience a miscarriage can go on to have healthy pregnancies in the future. However, if you have had a late miscarriage or recurrent miscarriages, it is advisable to consult with your doctor, as this may indicate an underlying issue that needs to be investigated. Experiencing a miscarriage can be heartbreaking and emotional; however, remember that there is ample support and guidance available, and many people do successfully have healthy pregnancies afterwards.
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Myth: Lifestyle factors don’t significantly impact fertility.
Fact: Lifestyle choices such as smoking, vaping, diet, and alcohol consumption can affect fertility in both men and women. For women, these factors can influence egg quality, menstrual cycles, and ovulation. For men, they can impact sperm quality, hormone balance, and may lead to erectile dysfunction. While lifestyle factors are just one part of the fertility puzzle, making healthy choices can improve outcomes.
Myth: If you've had one child, you can't be infertileÂ
Fact:Â Infertility can occur after previously having one or more children. This can be caused by several reasons, including lifestyle changes, new medical conditions, or complications from previous pregnancies or deliveries. Â
Myth: Stress is a primary cause of infertilityÂ
Fact:Â Infertility is caused by a combination of various factors, not just stress. While stress can cause hormonal imbalances and affect overall health, it is rarely a direct cause of infertility. Instead, factors such as age, lifestyle choices and medical conditions all contribute to infertility; there is rarely just one issue at play.
Myth: It’s not possible to get pregnant if you have endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Fact: Individuals with PCOS or endometriosis can get pregnant naturally, although it may take longer to conceive. However, if you 're having difficulty getting pregnant, fertility treatment such as IVF may be recommended to assist with conception.
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Reviewed by Justin Chu, Medical Director at TFP Oxford Fertility.
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