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Getting pregnant with PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects one in 10 women in the UK and is one of the leading causes of infertility. Although there is no cure, having a family via in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is possible.
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What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that impacts how an individual’s ovaries function. It can begin at any age after puberty but women are often diagnosed in their 20s or 30s.
PCOS can cause irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and enlarged ovaries. The enlarged ovaries may contain multiple harmless fluid-filled sacs, known as follicles, that surround the eggs. The cause of this condition is unknown and some individuals with PCOS may not even show any symptoms.
How does PCOS affect fertility?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that impacts how an individual’s ovaries function. It can begin at any age after puberty but women are often diagnosed in their 20s or 30s.
PCOS can cause irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and enlarged ovaries. The enlarged ovaries may contain multiple harmless fluid-filled sacs, known as follicles, that surround the eggs. The cause of this condition is unknown and some individuals with PCOS may not even show any symptoms.
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How to increase chances of pregnancy with PCOS
Maintain a healthy body weight - Following an anti-inflammatory diet can be beneficial in balancing hormone and blood sugar levels. The diet should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and fish. It is recommended to limit red meat, avoid sugar and consider swapping caffeine for green tea to aid with weight management.
Exercise - Including exercise into your daily routine is crucial for maintaining a healthy body weight. Staying active doesn’t necessarily mean going to the gym, simple activities like walking in the park, swimming, or attending a yoga class can be very effective. Additionally, it’s important to limit alcohol consumption and avoid smoking for your overall wellbeing.
Reduce stress – Actively managing and reducing stress can enhance your chances of getting pregnant. Engage in activities you enjoy, whether it’s meditating, reading or socialising. Taking time for yourself is essential.
Monitor your health – Keeping track of your overall wellbeing and monitoring your blood sugar levels is vital. While a healthy diet and exercise and diet can help manage these levels, your doctor may also prescribe medication, if needed.
Schedule regular check-ups – It’s important to have regular check-ups with your doctor. If you experience any fertility issues, your doctor can identify them early and provide an appropriate treatment plan. Do not hesitate to reach out to your doctor if you have any concerns about your fertility for advice and guidance.
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How effective are fertility treatments in PCOS patients?
Several fertility options can assist those with PCOS, but the effectiveness of these options depends on individual symptoms.
Medication – Medications such as metformin and clomiphene can support ovulation and alleviate symptoms of PCOS. Your doctor will assess your symptoms and prescribe medication to help manage your condition. Considering vitamin supplements might be beneficial, but it's essential to consult your doctor first.
IVF treatment - Most people with PCOS can have a baby with fertility treatment including, IVF. During IVF, eggs are retrieved and fertilised in a laboratory. Once the egg is fertilised, the developed embryo is then transferred into the womb.
Surgery – If your body doesn’t respond to medication, a minor surgical procedure known as laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) may be an option. This is completed under general anaesthetic, during which a surgeon makes a small incision in your lower abdomen and inserts a thin microscope. The ovaries are then surgically treated using heat or a laser to break down the tissue that produces androgens which are male hormones. This treatment helps to correct hormone imbalance and can restore the normal function of your ovaries.
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Can you have IVF with PCOS?
If you're having difficulty conceiving and have PCOS, it is possible to become pregnant through IVF. The medications used during IVF stimulate the ovaries to produce more eggs. These eggs are then retrieved at a hospital or clinic and fertilised under strict laboratory conditions.
If you have PCOS and your IVF is successful, some complications may arise during your pregnancy. These can include high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. However, you'll be closely monitored by your doctor and midwife throughout your journey.
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