Understanding the results of at-home fertility tests

At-home fertility tests are becoming increasingly popular among individuals who are seeking answers about their fertility. These tests can be purchased from well-known stores, such as Superdrug, and offer a more accessible and affordable alternative to assessments conducted by doctors or fertility specialists.

However, it’s important to note that results can vary, leading many to question their reliability. Available for both men and women, these tests can provide a general overview of fertility health but not a diagnosis.

What do they measure?

There are several at-home tests available that measure different aspects of fertility health,  including:

• Hormone tests – These tests measure hormones such as AMH, which reflects the number of eggs remaining in the ovaries, and FSH, which gives an indicator of ovarian reserve. Additionally, progesterone levels can be checked; these levels are markers of ovulation and play a role in maintaining early pregnancy and preventing miscarriages.

• Ovulation predictor kits – These tests function similarly to pregnancy tests and detect a surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH). An LH surge typically occurs 24 to 36 hours before ovulation, signalling the time when you are most fertile.

• Condition tests – Some stores offer tests that check for specific fertility conditions, such as a test for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

• Male fertility tests – The most common cause of infertility in males is due to abnormalities found in sperm, for which a semen analysis is required. This allows specialists to analyse sperm count, motility and morphology.

How do they work?

At-home test kits usually require a urine sample for ovulation predictor kits or a blood sample for hormone tests.

• Ovulation predictor tests - You use a test stick similar to a pregnancy test, either by urinating directly on it or by dipping it into a sample of urine. A positive result is usually indicated by a smiley face, a "yes," or a second line, signalling that you are about to ovulate. If the result is negative, you can test again later. However, if you continue to receive negative results, it’s advisable to consult your doctor.

• Hormone and ovarian reserve tests - These require a small finger-prick blood sample, which is then sent to a lab for analysis. You will receive a detailed report online or through an app, including a doctor's review and recommendations for next steps.

• Male fertility tests - A semen sample is typically collected through ejaculation into a collection cup, which is then sent to a lab for analysis. A detailed report of the results is provided afterwards.