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The role of medications in IVF
If you are about to begin your in vitro fertilisation (IVF) journey or are considering this path, there’s a lot to consider, and it can feel overwhelming. One crucial aspect of the process is medication, which is tailored to your individual needs and will vary from person to person. These medications are used to support the treatment process and enhance the chances of conception.
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The importance of medications in IVF
Medication plays a vital role throughout the IVF process. They are used to stimulate and control the growth of the ovarian follicles that contain the eggs. Medications are also used to suppress the natural hormonal cycle to prevent premature ovulation. Additionally, medications may be used to thicken the uterine lining, helping embryo implantation and pregnancy.
The specific medications prescribed during IVF will depend on your fertility health and circumstances. Commonly prescribed medications include ovulation induction agents, gonadotrophins, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
How medications work in IVF
Ovulation induction agents such as letrozole and clomiphene are taken orally to stimulate the ovaries to release eggs. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injections are used to stimulate the ovaries to grow follicles. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists are additional injections used to stop natural hormone production and control the timing of egg release, so that egg collection procedures can be timed.
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If you do need to take injections, our fertility nurses will demonstrate how to use them. Once the follicles have reached the correct size, a trigger injection is given to mature the eggs for collection.
You will also receive progesterone in preparation for the embryo transfer. This medication supports the early stages of pregnancy and helps make the uterine lining receptive to embryo implantation.
Monitoring during medication use
Regular pelvic ultrasound scans are performed to monitor the effects of the medication and the development of your ovarian follicles, which are small sacs of fluid in the ovaries that contain eggs. These ultrasound scans help us accurately time the trigger injection before egg collection. If you have any concerns, contact our fertility team for guidance and advice. Rest assured, we will be with you every step of the way.
Side effects and risks
While many individuals may feel okay, it is important to be aware that some fertility medications can cause side effects. This may include abdominal pain, bloating, mood swings, visual problems, hot flashes, headache, increased urination, insomnia, and weight gain.
Although rare, some individuals might experience serious reactions to these medications, potentially leading to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This condition occurs when elevated levels of oestrogen, progesterone and the pregnancy hormone (HCG) affect fluid distribution throughout the body.
Common symptoms of OHSS include abdominal swelling, bloating, nausea, difficulty in breathing and dehydration. If OHSS is severe or not treated promptly, it can lead to complications. So, if you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor or fertility clinic immediately.
Success rates with medications
While medication plays a significant role in success rates, these rates can vary based on individual circumstances, including fertility health, age and how you respond to the medication.
At TFP Fertility, we consistently achieve success rates above the national average. We are dedicated to providing the highest quality of fertility care to ensure you receive the best possible outcome.
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Reviewed by Justin Chu, Medical Director at TFP Oxford Fertility.
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